<h3 class="post-title subpt">Fernando Henrique Cardoso, in our fourth film on fairness, looks at events in his lifetime and explains the object that to him represents fairness. Join in the discussion yourself on Facebook or Twitter.</h3><div class="quoteblock"><div class="quotetext">"It's not just a set of rules saying yes or no. It is a set of dreams by saying health is a universal value, education is a universal value... which the state has to ensure the common man has access to."</div></div><p align="center"><img src="/sites/default/files/migrated3/fernando-henrique-cardoso-object-fairness_600x338.jpg"/><br /><em>Fernando Henrique Cardoso with the Brazilian Constitution.</em></p>
<p>Brazil was ruled by a military dictatorship from 1964 to 1985. In common with other countries in Latin America during this period, the regime used torture, censorship and oppressive policing to keep people in a state of submission. By presenting itself as an ally against Communism, the dictatorship secured support from successive US Presidents throughout the Cold War period. Many brave Brazilians opposed the regime and kept the flame of freedom alive at great risk to their own safety. Some, like myself, worked as dissidents abroad. Others like Cardinal Paulo Evaristo Arns, Archbishop of Sao Paulo from 1970-1998, used religious institutions and other spaces in civic society to keep working for human rights.</p>
<p>Once the dictatorship finally succumbed to external and internal pressure in 1985 and free presidential elections were held, a new Constitution for Brazil was drafted from scratch, formally coming into force in 1988 It has been written "<em>for the purpose of ensuring the exercise of social and individual rights, liberty, security, well-being, development, equality and justice as supreme values of a fraternal, pluralist and unprejudiced society, based on social harmony."</em></p>
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<p>"The values contained within the Brazilian Constitution promote a fair society and ‘inclusive and sustainable growth’, echoing the aim of Goal 8 of the Sustainable Development Goals."</p>
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<p>This is why I chose the Brazilian Constitution as my Object of Fairness: the Constitution guarantees an independent judicial system and a separation of executive powers by making both Congress and the President directly elected. It specifies health, education and access to land as universal values. It has underpinned Brazil’s subsequent economic growth and political development as not just an 'emerging market' but a robust democracy that respects the human rights of all its citizens.</p>
<p>The values contained within the Brazilian Constitution promote a fair society and ‘inclusive and sustainable growth’, echoing the aim of Goal 8 of the <a href="https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/focussdgs.html"><strong>Sustainab… Development Goals</strong></a>.</p>
<p>And that is what fairness means to me.</p>
<p><strong>Fernando Henrique Cardoso</strong></p>
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<p><em>What does fairness mean to you?<br /></em></p>
<p><em>Join in the conversation by posting a picture of an object that represents fairness to you to our <a href="http://www.facebook.com/theelders"><strong>Facebook</strong> </a>or <a href="http://www.twitter.com/theelders"><strong>Twitter</strong> </a>using the hashtag <strong>#ObjectOfFairness</strong>.</em></p>
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